Estimation of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy with Fractional-Order Derivative and Generalized Regression Neural Network

With the development of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils tends to accumulate rapidly and harm human health.Visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy provides the feasibility of fast monitoring of the variation of heavy metals.This study explored the potential of fractional-order derivative (

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